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Understanding the Options:

Vaccines - Polysaccharides





Primary Clarification

Essential Process Requirements
  • Remove whole cells and solids from bioreactor fluid and recover product in filtrate
  • Requires high capacity
  • Wide feed stream variability depending on cell culture type and conditions
  • If solid content is too high, centrifugation becomes preferred technology

Membrane selection will depend upon the size of the polysaccharide

Recommended FilterFilter Characteristics

Prostak Open-Channel Modules with Durapore 0.22, 0.45 or 0.65 µm Membrane
  • Best suited for large bioreactors >1,000 L or more than 10 batches/year
  • Open-channel design to accommodate high cell density and high solids cell culture fluids
  • High flux at low transmembrane pressure
  • Allows volume reduction as fluid is concentrated
  • Robust construction enables multiple use
  • Validated for multiple SIP cycles
  • Selection of Durapore membrane depends on particle size distribution in feed solution. Choice should be based upon small-scale testing.

Secondary Clarification

Essential Process Requirements
  • Cell recovery from the fermenter broth, elimination of waste fluid in the filtrate
  • High solids content in feed stream
  • Feed stream quality can vary depending on cell type and culture conditions

Recommended FilterFilter Characteristics

Triple-layer Millistak+ HC Filters
(Grade B1HC)
Disc Filters
Pod Filters
  • Triple-layer configuration includes a membrane bottom layer to enhance filter loading capacity and retention
  • Unique design enables the compression of multiple steps to one, lowering overall filtration costs

Bioburden Reduction

Essential Process Requirements
  • Reduces bioburden at intermediate process step to reduce the risk of pyrogenic contamination and damage
  • Protects downstream filters, media and equipment
  • Preserves product purity
  • Sterilizing-grade filtration required

Recommended FilterFilter Characteristics

Millipore Express SHC 0.5 µm + 0.2 µm Filters
Cartridge Filters
Opticap Capsules
Optiscale Capsules
  • Sterilizing-grade PES 0.2 µm membrane with an additional 0.5 µm prefilter layer all in one pleated device may eliminate the need for a prefilter
  • Designed for bulk intermediate processing where fluids may be fouling in batch sizes ranging from 100 to 20,000 L.
  • PES membrane provides broad chemical compatibility across a wide pH range (1–14)
  • Robust construction validated for multiple SIP cycles
  • 100% integrity tested to ensure quality
  • Asymmetric pore structure delivers extremely high flow rates at low pressure drop
  • Can be integrity tested on-site

ALTERNATIVE: If a PVDF or low-protein binding membrane is required, Millipore suggests testing Multilayer Durapore 0.45 µm + 0.22 µm in your small-scale trials.


Concentration and Diafiltration (For final formulation)

Essential Process Requirements
  • Concentration and diafiltration adjusts the end product to the proper dosage conditions prior to final packaging
  • Fast, robust process able to accommodate feed fluid variations
  • Easily scalable from lab to manufacturing scale
Recommended FilterFilter Characteristics

Pellicon C Screen Cassettes
with Ultracel PLC 30 or
100 kD Membranes
  • Low feed flow requirement minimizes pumping, working and hold up volumes
  • Higher product recovery and flux
  • Highly retentive regenerated cellulose membranes offer good permeate flux and withstand process upsets
  • Robust low binding void-free Ultracel PLC membranes assure consistent processing from batch to batch, have good chemical compatibility and are easy to clean
  • Complete range of devices for easy scale-up
  • Choose a membrane molecular weight cut-off 3–5X smaller than the biomolecule. Choice should be based on small-scale testing.

Prefiltration (Bulk intermediate)

Essential Process Requirements
  • Removes colloidal and particulate contaminants and extend the life of final filters
  • Should preserve polysaccharide purity and operate consistently at high differential pressures and flow rates
  • Must be able to withstand multiple SIP or hot water sanitization cycles
  • Run efficiently to ensure process economics

Recommended FilterFilter Characteristics

Double-layer Milligard Filters
(Grado LS, 0.5 µm + 0 µm)
Cartridge Filters
Opticap Capsule Filters
Optiscale Capsule Filters
  • Prefiltration for Durapore 0.22 µm Filters
  • Double-layer pleated configuration of mixed esters of cellulose membranes provide high dirt-holding capacity, and retention efficiency
  • Low protein-binding media preserves polysaccharide purity
  • High porosity membranes operate at high flow rates and low pressure drops
  • Non-fiber releasing structure preserves product purity
  • 100% integrity tested to ensure quality
  • Robust construction validated to withstand multiple SIP or hot water sanitization cycles
  • Grade LS is commonly used for this application; Milligard filters are available in numerous pore sizes and in single-layer or multi-layer configurations to accommodate the needs of each user, the degree of protection required for the downstream process and the plugging characteristics of the fluid. Choice should be based on small-scale testing.

ALTERNATIVE: When choosing Multilayer Durapore 0.45 µm + 0.2 µm for Final Filtration, this step is not required. The prefilter layer is built into the final filter.