Immunophilins are a family of soluble cytosolic receptors capable of binding to one of two major immunosuppressant agents - cyclosporin A (CsA) or FK506. Proteins that bind FK506 are termed FK506 Binding Proteins (FKBPs) and those that bind cyclosporin A are called cyclophilins (CyP).
Both CyP:CsA and FKBP:FK506 complexes have been shown to inhibit calcineurin, a calcium and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase which has been implicated as an important signaling enzyme in T-cell activation, providing a possible mechanism of immunosuppression by CsA and FK506.
Within the cyclophilin family, there are several different proteins which show a high degree of homology including CyPA, CyPB and CyPC. CyPA, also termed CyP-18, is the most abundant and ubiquitous cyclophilin found in all vertebrate tissues and is present in T-cells.