Protein Gene Product 9.5 (PGP9.5) is an abundant protein in many tissues, but especially so in neurons where it has been effectively used as a phenotypic marker and is immunologically distinct from neuron specific enolase. The 27 kDa protein was first identified by high resolution two dimensional PAGE. Standard immunohistochemical techniques have demonstrated the presence of PGP9.5 in neurons and nerve fibers at all levels of the central and peripheral nervous system, in many neuroendocrine cells, in segments of the renal tubules, in spermatogonia and Leydig cells of the testis, in ova and in some cells of both the pregnant and non-pregnant corpus luteum. PGP9.5 is known to be a member of the ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase family and immunohistochemical studies have shown that the protein is enriched in several ubiquinated inclusion bodies, suggesting that such structures may be metabolically dynamic regions of the cell.