ChemiSCREEN™ Membrane Preparation Recombinant Human GAL₂ Galanin Receptor

ChemiSCREEN™ Membrane Preparation Recombinant Human GAL₂ Galanin Receptor

Chemicon (Millipore)

200 units

Full-length human GALR2 cDNA encoding GAL₂

Galanin is a 29-30 amino acid peptide originally purified from intestine, but later found to be abundant in the CNS. It is widely distributed in tissues such as the brain, spinal cord and gut, and can regulate numerous processes including feeding, nociception, nerve regeneration, memory, neuroendocrine release, and gut secretion and contractility. Galanin elicits its physiological effects through the stimulation of at least three G protein-coupled receptors (Branchek et al. 2000). GAL₂ receptor couples predominantly to the activation of phospholipase C. It plays an important role in modulating neurite outgrowth and has been demonstrated to be the principal receptor subtype that mediates the protective effects of galanin in the hippocampus (Elliott-Hunt et al. 2007). Millipore's GAL₂ receptor membrane preparations are crude membrane preparations made from our proprietary stable recombinant cell lines to ensure high-level of GPCR surface expression; thus, they are ideal HTS tools for screening of antagonists of GAL₂ receptor interactions. The membrane preparations exhibit a Kd of 1.4 nM for [¹²⁵I]-Galanin. With 10 µg/well GAL₂ receptor Membrane Prep and 0.5 nM [¹²⁵I]-Galanin, a greater than 20-fold signal-to-background ratio was obtained.

Radioligand binding assay and GTPγS binding.

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Galanin is an important neuromodulator present in the brain, gastrointestinal system, and hypothalamopituitary axis. It is a 30-amino acid non-C-terminally amidated peptide that potently stimulates growth hormone secretion, inhibits cardiac vagal slowing of heart rate, abolishes sinus arrhythmia, and inhibits postprandial gastrointestinal motility. The actions of galanin are mediated through interaction with specific membrane receptors that are members of the 7-transmembrane family of G protein-coupled receptors. GALR2 interacts with the N-terminal residues of the galanin peptide. The primary signaling mechanism for GALR2 is through the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq), in contrast to GALR1, which communicates its intracellular signal by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase through Gi. However, it has been demonstrated that GALR2 couples efficiently to both the Gq and Gi proteins to simultaneously activate 2 independent signal transduction pathways.

FUNCTION: SwissProt: O43603 # Receptor for the hormone galanin and for GALP. The activity of this receptor is mediated by G proteins that activate the phospholipase C/protein kinase C pathway (via Gq) and that inhibit adenylyl cyclase (via Gi).
SIZE: 387 amino acids; 41700 Da
SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein.
TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed abundantly within the central nervous system in both hypothalamus and hippocampus. In peripheral tissues, the strongest expression was observed in heart, kidney, liver, and small intestine.
SIMILARITY: SwissProt: O43603 ## Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor 1 family.

Human

Chemicon

GAL2

One package contains enough membranes for at least 200 assays (units), where an unit is the amount of membrane that will yield greater than 20-fold signal:background with ¹²⁵I-labeled galanin at 0.5 nM.

Liquid in packaging buffer: 50 mM Tris pH 7.4, 10% glycerol and 1% BSA with no preservatives.
Packaging method: Membranes protein were adjusted to the indicated concentration in packaging buffer, rapidly frozen, and stored at -80°C.

peptide

Maintain frozen at -70°C for up to 2 years. Do not freeze and thaw.

Galanin

A

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GPCR Membrane Preparations

ChemiSCREEN™ Membrane Preparation Recombinant Human GAL₂ Galanin Receptor

GalR2

Table 1. Signal:background and specific binding values obtained in a competition binding assay with GAL₂ receptor membrane prep and cold galanin (2-29).

	10 µg/well
Signal:Background	42.4
Specific Binding (cpm)	28192

SPECIFICATIONS: 1 unit = 10 µg membrane preparation
Bmax: 8.2 pmol/mg
Kd: ~1.4 nM

Chem-1

Membranes are mixed with radioactive ligand and unlabeled competitor (see Figures 1 and 2 for concentrations tested) in binding buffer in a nonbinding 96-well plate, and incubated for 1-2 h. Prior to filtration, an FC 96-well harvest plate (Millipore cat. # MAHF C1H) is coated with 0.33% polyethyleneimine for 30 min, then washed with 50mM HEPES, pH 7.4. Binding reaction is transferred to the filter plate, and washed 3 times (1 mL per well per wash) with Wash Buffer. The plate is dried and counted.

Binding buffer: 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 5 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM CaCl₂, filtered and stored at 4°C
Radioligand: [¹²⁵I] galanin (Perkin Elmer # NEX333)
Wash Buffer: 50 mM Hepes, pH 7.4, 500mM NaCl, filtered and stored at 4°C.

Chem-1

Membranes

O43603

NM_003857.2

GPCR