Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are frequently located in close proximity to bone lining cells within the endosteum. Recent studies demonstrated the significance of the endosteal region for hematopoiesis, and in particular that it contains a high number of HSCs. Consequently, traditional methods for harvesting bone marrow (BM) from mice via flushing of the long bones do not maximize the recovery of all HSCs. The Bone Marrow Harvesting and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Isolation Kit permits the optimal recovery of total cells and HSCs from mouse bones, and uniquely the isolation of HSCs specifically from the endosteal region. A combination of mechanical fragmentation by grinding of bones and enzymatic digestion is used for this purpose. Using this method, HSCs isolated specifically from the endosteum have been demonstrated to have a greater hematopoietic potential than HSCs isolated from the central marrow core including a 1.8-fold greater proliferative potential, an almost 2-fold greater ability to home to the bone marrow following tail vein injection and a significantly greater long-term hematopoietic reconstitution potential (Haylock, D. et al. Stem Cells, 2007). Additionally, this method has been shown to produce a 6-fold greater recovery of primitive HSCs (Lineage- Sca-1+ and c-Kit+) than traditional flushing methods.