Extracellular Matrix Proteins (ECMs)
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex structural entity that surrounds and supports the cells within living systems. In mammalian tissues the ECM is most commonly found in connective tissues such as tendon, cartilage, bone or dermis of the skin. Changes in the amount and organization of the ECM components change the type and form of the ECM. The ECM is produced and maintained by the cells that inhabit it. The proteins within the ECM can be divided into several classes based upon their structure and function within the ECM. The most prominent class is the structural class of ECM proteins. These consist primarily of the collagen and elastin families of proteins. Collagen fibers strengthen and organize the matrix; elastin fibers provide flexibility and resilience. Proteins such as fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin serve less of a structural role and more of an adhesive or integral role within the ECM matrix; these proteins allow for cell attachment and form cross-links within the matrix gel.
Finally, numerous proteoglycans and heparan sulfate containing proteins form the highly hydrated gel-like mixture that helps stabilize the matrix within its aqueous environment. Millipore offers a wide array of purified ECM proteins for both coating of cell culture surfaces and extracellular matrix research. For detailed information on the complete offering of ECM and products for ECM research please consult the Pathway Tools section of this handbook.
Coatings
Coating of membranes and plastic surfaces with extra cellular matrices (ECM) promotes cell attachment and monolayer formation. Located at the end of this section are protocols describing coating with four types of ECM on Millicell®-CM inserts. Although any Millicell membrane can be coated, only Millicell-CM membrane requires it for cell attachment.
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Pathways
