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MILLIPLEX MAP & Cell Signaling Pathways

  

Cell signaling, often called signal transduction, is a complex system of communication that enables cells to perceive, communicate with and respond to their microenvironment. This communication may occur as a result of:
  • Direct cell-to-cell contact
  • Effects that are induced when a receptor that has been activated by a ligand interacts directly with other proteins inside the cell
  • Cellular changes resulting from complex signal transduction pathways involving kinase receptors that, when bound to a ligand, become phosphorylated
Reversible phosphorylation is the most common regulator of cellular events, regulating an estimated 30% of cellular proteins. This, in part, explains the prominence of kinases in drug discovery research.

Citations
Signaling
391,660
Protein Kinase
324,422
Post Translational Modification Sites (PTM)
Citations
Sites
Phosphorylation
166,174
53,262
Acetylation
1,882
2,788
Methylation
2,329
832
Ubiquitin
24,504
488
SUMO
1,518
386


The binding of a growth factor to its receptor on the membrane triggers a cascade of kinase activation, resulting in the phosphorylation of a transcription factor, which binds to DNA in the nucleus that promotes specific expression of genes associated with, for example, cell division.

These multi-component cell signaling pathways are so complex that often there is feedback, signal amplification, and interactions between more than one signal and among several signaling pathways.

The cell’s ability to respond to its environment is essential for normal development, cellular repair and immunity and is the basis of homeostasis. Errors in these pathways, caused by mutations that may result in constitutive expression or total inhibition of protein transcription, are responsible for such diseases as diabetes, autoimmune disorders and cancer.

Millipore is proud to provide you with two MILLIPLEX MAP cell signaling technologies, both using the Luminex xMAP platform:


MILLIPLEX MAP
Cell Signaling Assays


MILLIPLEX MAP
EpiQuant Cell Signaling Assays

  • Qualitative data (fold increase or relative concentrations based on lysate standard curves)
  • Analytically validated fixed kits available:
      - Multi-pathway (8-plex)
      - T-cell receptor (7-plex)
      - Apoptosis (3-plex)
      - MAPK (10-plex)
      - SFK (8-plex)
  • Ability to build a custom panel by choosing from over 65 MAPmates
  • Requires multiple wells to measure phospho- and total protein
  • Requires multiple well to measure multiple phosho-sites on the same protein
  • Learn more...
  • Quantitative data (absolute concentrations using synthetic peptides as standards)
  • Ability to measure multiple phosphorylation sites on the same protein in the same well
  • Currently 1 panel available: Phosphotyrosine (41 analytes) Ability to build a custom panel by choosing only the analytes that fit your needs (similar to our soluble panels)
  • Future panels to include:
      - Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
      - Corresponding total proteins
      - Phosphothreonine
      - Phosphoserine
  • Future ability to measure total and phosphoryated protein in the same well
  • Requires sample digestion using MILLIPLEX MAP EpiQuant Sample Preparation Kit
  • Learn more...


Both technologies offer you the ability to investigate simultaneously the expression of intracellular total or phosphorylated proteins involved in multi-pathway signaling or focused in a specific pathway. Choose the technology that best meets your needs.

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